Differentiate between evaporation and boiling.

Answer

To differentiate between evaporation and boiling, we can outline the key differences as follows:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Definition**:
- **Evaporation**: It is the process by which liquid changes into vapor at any temperature below its boiling point.
- **Boiling**: It is the process where liquid changes into vapor at a specific temperature called the boiling point.

2. **Rate of Process**:
- **Evaporation**: This is a slow process. It occurs gradually over time.
- **Boiling**: This is a rapid process. It occurs quickly and vigorously.

3. **Location of Process**:
- **Evaporation**: This occurs only at the surface of the liquid. Molecules at the surface gain enough energy to escape into the gas phase.
- **Boiling**: This occurs throughout the entire mass of the liquid. Bubbles of vapor form within the liquid and rise to the surface.

4. **Temperature Dependence**:
- **Evaporation**: This process can occur at all temperatures, even at low temperatures.
- **Boiling**: This process occurs only at the boiling temperature of the liquid, which is a specific temperature for each substance.

5. **Energy Requirement**:
- **Evaporation**: It requires less energy compared to boiling since it occurs at lower temperatures.
- **Boiling**: It requires a significant amount of energy to reach the boiling point and maintain the boiling process.

### Summary of Differences:
- **Evaporation**: Slow process, occurs at the surface, possible at all temperatures, requires less energy.
- **Boiling**: Rapid process, occurs throughout the liquid, happens only at boiling temperature, requires more energy.