Simple six memebered ring compound (eg. Cyclohexane) are not soluble in water whereas glucose and sucrose are soluble in water. Explain why ?

Explanation

To explain why simple six-membered ring compounds like cyclohexane are not soluble in water, while glucose and sucrose are soluble, we can break down the explanation into several steps:

### Step 1: Understanding the Structures
- **Cyclohexane** is a simple six-membered carbon ring (C6H12) that consists entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Its structure is non-polar because it lacks any functional groups that can interact with water.
- **Glucose** (C6H12O6) and **sucrose** (C12H22O11) are both carbohydrates that contain multiple hydroxyl (–OH) groups in their structures. These hydroxyl groups are polar.

### Step 2: Polarity of Compounds
- **Cyclohexane** is non-polar due to its hydrocarbon nature. It does not have any polar bonds or functional groups that can interact with water molecules.
- **Glucose and sucrose**, on the other hand, are polar molecules because of the presence of hydroxyl groups. These –OH groups can form hydrogen bonds with water.

### Step 3: Solubility Principle
- The principle of solubility states that "like dissolves like." This means that polar substances tend to dissolve in polar solvents, while non-polar substances do not.
- Water (H2O) is a polar solvent, which means it can dissolve other polar substances effectively.

### Step 4: Interaction with Water
- **Glucose and sucrose** can form hydrogen bonds with water due to their hydroxyl groups. This interaction allows them to dissolve in water.
- **Cyclohexane**, being non-polar, does not interact with water molecules and thus remains insoluble.

### Conclusion
In summary, the solubility of glucose and sucrose in water is attributed to their polar nature and the presence of hydroxyl groups that allow for hydrogen bonding with water. In contrast, cyclohexane is non-polar and does not interact with water, making it insoluble.

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