Mark the correct statements(s) regarding Azeotropes

Options

A. At azeotropic composition, vapour phase composition is same as the liquid phase composition.
B. Water and `HNO_(3)` can form minimum boiling azeotrope.
C. Azeotropes are formed by non-ideal solution.
D. Boiling point of azeotropic solutions does not change while boiling thhe solution at constant external pressure. This bahavious is similar to ideal solution.

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the correct statements about azeotropes, let's analyze each statement step by step:

### Step 1: Understanding Azeotropes
Azeotropes are mixtures of two or more liquids that boil at a constant temperature and maintain the same composition in both the liquid and vapor phases during the boiling process. This means that when an azeotropic mixture is boiled, the vapor produced has the same composition as the liquid mixture.

**Hint:** Remember that azeotropes boil at a constant temperature and maintain the same composition in both phases.

### Step 2: Analyzing Each Statement
1. **Statement 1:** "The azeotropic composition vapor phase composition is same as liquid phase composition."
- This statement is **correct**. As mentioned, azeotropes maintain the same composition in both phases.

**Hint:** Azeotropes have equal compositions in vapor and liquid phases.

2. **Statement 2:** "Water and HNO3 form minimum boiling azeotrope."
- This statement is **incorrect**. Water and HNO3 form a maximum boiling azeotrope due to their negative deviation from Raoult's law.

**Hint:** Recall that maximum boiling azeotropes are formed by mixtures that exhibit negative deviation.

3. **Statement 3:** "Azeotropes are formed by non-ideal solutions."
- This statement is **correct**. Azeotropes typically arise from non-ideal solutions, which can show either positive or negative deviations from ideal behavior.

**Hint:** Non-ideal solutions can lead to azeotropic behavior.

4. **Statement 4:** "The boiling point of azeotropic solution does not change while boiling the solution at constant external pressure."
- This statement is **correct**. Azeotropes boil at a constant temperature, meaning their boiling point remains unchanged under constant pressure.

**Hint:** Azeotropes are characterized by a constant boiling point.

### Step 3: Conclusion
Based on the analysis of the statements:
- **Correct Statements:** 1, 3, and 4
- **Incorrect Statement:** 2

Thus, the correct statements regarding azeotropes are:
- Statement 1: True
- Statement 3: True
- Statement 4: True

### Final Answer:
The correct statements regarding azeotropes are: **1, 3, and 4**.