Orbital interation ( partial overlapping ) between the sigma bonds of a substitutent group and a neighbouring p orbital is known as

Options

A. Steric effect
B. Inductive effect
C. Hyperconjugation effect
D. Dipole-Dipole interactions

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the orbital interaction (partial overlapping) between the sigma bonds of a substituent group and a neighboring p orbital, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Question**: The question asks about a specific type of orbital interaction that involves the overlapping of sigma bonds from a substituent group with a neighboring p orbital.

2. **Identify the Concept**: The concept that describes this type of interaction is known as "hyperconjugation." Hyperconjugation refers to the interaction between the electrons in a sigma bond (usually C-H or C-C) and an adjacent empty or partially filled p orbital.

3. **Illustrate with an Example**: To better understand hyperconjugation, consider the example of propene (C3H6). The structure of propene can be represented as:
\[ CH_2=CH-CH_3 \]
In this molecule, the sigma bond between the CH3 group and the adjacent CH2 group can interact with the p orbital of the double bond (C=C).

4. **Explain the Mechanism**: In hyperconjugation, the electrons in the sigma bond (C-H) can partially overlap with the p orbital of the adjacent carbon that is involved in the double bond. This leads to a stabilization of the molecule due to the delocalization of electrons.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the orbital interaction described in the question is known as the "hyperconjugation effect."

### Final Answer:
The orbital interaction (partial overlapping) between the sigma bonds of a substituent group and a neighboring p orbital is known as **hyperconjugation**.

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