Which of the following will form non-ideal solution?

Options

A. `C_(2)H_(5)OH` and water
B. `HNO_(3)` and water
C. `CHCl_(3)` and `CH_(3)COCH_(3)`
D. `C_(6)H_(6)` and `C_(6)H_(5)CH_(3)`

Answer

To determine which of the following will form a non-ideal solution, we need to understand the characteristics of non-ideal solutions. Non-ideal solutions occur when the interactions between the different components in the solution differ from those in the pure components. This can lead to deviations from Raoult's law.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand Non-Ideal Solutions**:
- Non-ideal solutions are formed when the interactions between the solute and solvent differ significantly from the interactions in the pure substances. This can result in either positive or negative deviations from Raoult's law.

2. **Identify Positive and Negative Deviations**:
- **Positive Deviation**: Occurs when the interactions between different components (A-B) are weaker than the interactions within the pure components (A-A and B-B). This results in a higher vapor pressure than expected.
- **Negative Deviation**: Occurs when the interactions between different components (A-B) are stronger than the interactions within the pure components (A-A and B-B). This results in a lower vapor pressure than expected.

3. **Examples of Non-Ideal Solutions**:
- **Ethanol and Water**: This pair shows positive deviation because the interaction between ethanol and water (A-B) is weaker than the hydrogen bonding present in pure ethanol (A-A) and pure water (B-B).
- **HNO3 and Water**: This pair shows negative deviation due to strong hydrogen bonding between nitric acid and water, making A-B interactions stronger than A-A and B-B.
- **Chloroform (CHCl3) and Acetone (CH3COCH3)**: This mixture also shows non-ideal behavior due to the formation of hydrogen bonds, which alters the expected interactions.

4. **Identify Ideal Solutions**:
- **Benzene and Toluene**: These two substances form an ideal solution because their interactions are similar to those in their pure forms, thus following Raoult's law.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the analysis, the pairs that will form non-ideal solutions are:
- Ethanol and Water (Positive Deviation)
- HNO3 and Water (Negative Deviation)
- Chloroform and Acetone (Non-Ideal due to hydrogen bonding)
- The pair that does not form a non-ideal solution is Benzene and Toluene.

### Final Answer:
The pairs that will form non-ideal solutions are:
1. Ethanol and Water
2. HNO3 and Water
3. Chloroform and Acetone