Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for the synthesis of

Options

A. Aliphatic primary amine
B. Secondary amine
C. Tertiary amine
D. Aromatic primary amine

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Understanding Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis:**
Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is a method used to synthesize primary amines. It involves the use of phthalimide as a starting material.

2. **Structure of Phthalimide:**
The structure of phthalimide can be represented as follows:
- Phthalimide has a cyclic structure with a nitrogen atom in the ring, which makes it a suitable precursor for the synthesis of amines.

3. **Reaction with Base:**
When phthalimide is treated with a strong base like KOH, it deprotonates the acidic proton on the nitrogen atom. This results in the formation of a phthalimide anion:
\[ \text{Phthalimide} + \text{KOH} \rightarrow \text{Phthalimide anion} + \text{K}^+ \]

4. **Nucleophilic Attack on Alkyl Halide:**
The phthalimide anion, which carries a negative charge, can act as a nucleophile. It attacks an alkyl halide (R-X), leading to the formation of an N-alkyl phthalimide:
\[ \text{Phthalimide anion} + \text{R-X} \rightarrow \text{N-alkyl phthalimide} \]

5. **Hydrolysis:**
The N-alkyl phthalimide can then be hydrolyzed in the presence of a strong base like NaOH. This hydrolysis process breaks the phthalimide ring and releases the primary amine (RNH2):
\[ \text{N-alkyl phthalimide} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{RNH}_2 + \text{Phthalate salt} \]

6. **Conclusion:**
Therefore, Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for the synthesis of **aliphatic primary amines**. Other options like secondary amines, tertiary amines, and aromatic primary amines are not produced through this method.

**Final Answer:**
Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferred for the synthesis of **aliphatic primary amines**.

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