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Carbon and silicon belong to group IV. T...

Carbon and silicon belong to group `IV`. The maximum coordination number of carbon in commonly occuring compounds is four whereas that of silicon is six. This is due to

A

Large size of silicon

B

More electropositive nature of silicon

C

Availability of low lying `d`-orbitals in silicon

D

Both (A) and (B)

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To solve the question regarding the maximum coordination number of carbon and silicon, we can follow these steps: ### Step 1: Understand the Electronic Configuration - Carbon (C) has the electronic configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p². - Silicon (Si) has the electronic configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p². **Hint:** Recall the electronic configurations of carbon and silicon to understand their valence shell electron arrangements. ### Step 2: Determine the Valence Electrons - Carbon has 4 valence electrons (2 in the s orbital and 2 in the p orbitals). - Silicon has 4 valence electrons as well (2 in the s orbital and 2 in the p orbitals), but it is in the third period. **Hint:** Count the valence electrons for both elements to see how many they can share or bond with. ### Step 3: Consider the Orbital Availability - Carbon has no vacant d orbitals available for bonding; it can only use its 4 valence electrons to form 4 bonds (maximum coordination number of 4). - Silicon, on the other hand, has access to d orbitals in the third energy level (3d orbitals), which allows it to expand its octet and accommodate more electrons. **Hint:** Think about the role of d orbitals in bonding and how they affect the coordination number. ### Step 4: Analyze the Coordination Numbers - The maximum coordination number for carbon is 4 because it can form a maximum of 4 covalent bonds. - The maximum coordination number for silicon is 6 because it can utilize its d orbitals to form additional bonds, allowing it to accommodate up to 12 electrons. **Hint:** Relate the concept of coordination number to the number of bonds an atom can form based on its available orbitals. ### Step 5: Conclusion The difference in the maximum coordination numbers of carbon and silicon is primarily due to the availability of low-lying d orbitals in silicon, which allows it to expand its coordination number beyond that of carbon. **Final Answer:** The maximum coordination number of carbon is 4, while that of silicon is 6 due to the availability of low-lying d-orbitals in silicon.
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