Intert pair effect plays an important role in the case of

Options

A. `P`
B. `Bi`
C. `Sb`
D. `As`

Answer

To solve the question regarding the inert pair effect and its significance in the context of the given elements (phosphorus, bismuth, antimony, and arsenic), we will analyze the inert pair effect step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Inert Pair Effect**:
The inert pair effect refers to the tendency of the outermost s-electrons (the "inert pair") in heavier elements to remain unshared or not participate in bonding. This effect becomes more pronounced as we move down a group in the periodic table.

**Hint**: Remember that the inert pair effect is related to the stability of oxidation states in heavier elements.

2. **Identifying the Groups**:
The elements provided are phosphorus (P), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), and arsenic (As). These elements belong to the nitrogen family (group 15) and the carbon family (group 14).

**Hint**: Group 15 elements include nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth.

3. **Analyzing Oxidation States**:
- For the nitrogen family (group 15), the common oxidation states are +5 and +3.
- As we move down the group, the stability of the +5 oxidation state decreases, while the stability of the +3 oxidation state increases.
- Bismuth (Bi), being the heaviest member of the nitrogen family, shows a stable oxidation state of +3 due to the inert pair effect.

**Hint**: Focus on how the oxidation states change as you move down the group.

4. **Comparing the Elements**:
- Phosphorus (P) does not show a significant inert pair effect as it is lighter.
- Arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) also show oxidation states of +5 and +3, but bismuth is the most affected by the inert pair effect.
- Bismuth (Bi) is the last member of the nitrogen family and exhibits a stable +3 oxidation state due to the inert pair effect.

**Hint**: Identify which element is the heaviest in the group and analyze its oxidation states.

5. **Conclusion**:
Based on the analysis, the inert pair effect plays a significant role in the case of **bismuth (Bi)**, as it shows a stable +3 oxidation state due to the reluctance of the s-electrons to participate in bonding.

**Final Answer**: The inert pair effect plays an important role in the case of **bismuth (Bi)**.