Complete the following table:
`|{:("Particale","Atomic No.","Mass No.","No. of electrons","No. of protons","No. of neutrons"),("Sodium atom",11,---,---,---,12),("Aluminium ion",---,27,10,---,---),("Chloride ion",---,---,18,---,18),("Phosphorus atom",---,31,---,15,---),("Coprous ion",---,---,28,---,35):}|`

Answer

To complete the table, we will fill in the missing values for each particle based on the provided information and the relationships between atomic number (Z), mass number (A), number of protons (Z), number of neutrons (N), and number of electrons.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Sodium Atom:**
- **Atomic Number (Z)**: 11 (given)
- **Mass Number (A)**: To find this, we use the formula:
\[ A = Z + N \]
We know that for a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons. Therefore, the number of protons = 11, and the number of electrons = 11.
- **Number of Neutrons (N)**:
\[ N = A - Z = 23 - 11 = 12 \]
- **Final Values**:
- Mass Number = 23
- No. of Electrons = 11
- No. of Protons = 11
- No. of Neutrons = 12

2. **Aluminium Ion:**
- **Mass Number (A)**: 27 (given)
- **Atomic Number (Z)**: The atomic number of Aluminium is 13.
- **Number of Protons (Z)**: 13 (since it is Aluminium).
- **Number of Electrons**: Given as 10 (as it is a +3 ion, losing 3 electrons).
- **Number of Neutrons (N)**:
\[ N = A - Z = 27 - 13 = 14 \]
- **Final Values**:
- Atomic Number = 13
- No. of Neutrons = 14
- No. of Protons = 13

3. **Chloride Ion:**
- **Atomic Number (Z)**: The atomic number of Chlorine is 17.
- **Number of Protons (Z)**: 17 (since it is Chlorine).
- **Number of Electrons**: Given as 18 (as it is a -1 ion, gaining 1 electron).
- **Number of Neutrons (N)**: Given as 18.
- **Mass Number (A)**:
\[ A = Z + N = 17 + 18 = 35 \]
- **Final Values**:
- Mass Number = 35

4. **Phosphorus Atom:**
- **Atomic Number (Z)**: 15 (given).
- **Mass Number (A)**: 31 (given).
- **Number of Protons (Z)**: 15 (since it is a neutral atom).
- **Number of Electrons**: 15 (since it is a neutral atom).
- **Number of Neutrons (N)**:
\[ N = A - Z = 31 - 15 = 16 \]
- **Final Values**:
- No. of Neutrons = 16

5. **Cuprous Ion:**
- **Atomic Number (Z)**: The atomic number of Copper is 29.
- **Mass Number (A)**: To find this, we use the formula:
\[ A = Z + N \]
We know that the number of electrons = 28 (as it is a +1 ion).
- **Number of Protons (Z)**: 29 (since it is Copper).
- **Number of Neutrons (N)**: Given as 35.
- **Mass Number (A)**:
\[ A = Z + N = 29 + 35 = 64 \]
- **Final Values**:
- Mass Number = 64

### Completed Table:
| Particle | Atomic No. | Mass No. | No. of Electrons | No. of Protons | No. of Neutrons |
|------------------|------------|----------|-------------------|-----------------|------------------|
| Sodium atom | 11 | 23 | 11 | 11 | 12 |
| Aluminium ion | 13 | 27 | 10 | 13 | 14 |
| Chloride ion | 17 | 35 | 18 | 17 | 18 |
| Phosphorus atom | 15 | 31 | 15 | 15 | 16 |
| Cuprous ion | 29 | 64 | 28 | 29 | 35 |