Match the transformation in colums I with appropriate options in column II.
`{:("Column I" ,"Column II"),((A)CO_(2)(s) rarr CO_(2)(g),(p)"phase transition"),((B)CaCO_(3)(s)rarr CaO(s) + CO_(2)(g) ,(q)"allotropic change"),((C)2H.rarrH_(2)(g),(r)DeltaH "is positive"),((D)P_(("white, solid"))rarr P_(("red,solid")),(s)DeltaS "is positive"),(,(t) DeltaS "is negative"):}`

Explanation

To solve the problem of matching the transformations in Column I with the appropriate options in Column II, we will analyze each transformation step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Transformation A: CO₂(s) → CO₂(g)**
- This transformation involves the change of carbon dioxide from a solid state to a gaseous state.
- This process is known as **sublimation**, which is a **phase transition**.
- Since energy is absorbed during sublimation, the enthalpy change (ΔH) is **positive**.
- Additionally, moving from a solid to a gas increases disorder, so the entropy change (ΔS) is also **positive**.
- **Match**: A → (p) "phase transition", (r) ΔH "is positive", (s) ΔS "is positive".

2. **Transformation B: CaCO₃(s) → CaO(s) + CO₂(g)**
- This transformation is a chemical reaction where calcium carbonate decomposes into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide gas.
- This is a **chemical decomposition** reaction, not a phase change.
- The reaction requires energy input, making it **endothermic**, so ΔH is **positive**.
- The formation of a gas (CO₂) from a solid increases disorder, hence ΔS is also **positive**.
- **Match**: B → (r) ΔH "is positive", (s) ΔS "is positive".

3. **Transformation C: 2H → H₂(g)**
- This transformation involves the combination of hydrogen atoms to form hydrogen gas.
- The formation of new bonds generally releases energy, so ΔH is **negative**.
- Since the product (H₂ gas) is more ordered than the reactants (2 hydrogen atoms), ΔS is **negative**.
- **Match**: C → (t) ΔS "is negative".

4. **Transformation D: P(white solid) → P(red solid)**
- This transformation involves the change of white phosphorus to red phosphorus, both of which are solid states.
- This is an **allotropic change**, which is a type of phase change.
- The change from white to red phosphorus involves a decrease in disorder, so ΔS is **negative**.
- **Match**: D → (q) "allotropic change", (t) ΔS "is negative".

### Final Matches:
- A → (p), (r), (s)
- B → (r), (s)
- C → (t)
- D → (q), (t)