Select correct statement about l effect ?

Options

A. l effect transfers electrons from one carbon atom to another.
B. l effect is the polarisation of `sigma` bond electrons
C. l effect creates net charge in the molecule.
D. l effect is distance independent.

Answer

To solve the question regarding the inductive effect (I effect), we will analyze each statement provided in the question and determine which one is correct.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Inductive Effect**:
- The inductive effect refers to the polarization of sigma bonds within a molecule due to the electronegativity of atoms or groups attached to the carbon chain. When an electronegative atom or group is present, it pulls electron density towards itself, leading to the formation of partial positive and negative charges.

2. **Evaluating Each Statement**:
- **Statement A**: "The I effect transfers electrons from one carbon atom to another."
- This statement is **incorrect**. The inductive effect does not involve the complete transfer of electrons; rather, it involves the shifting of electron density along the sigma bond, resulting in partial charges.

- **Statement B**: "The I effect is the polarization of sigma bond electrons."
- This statement is **correct**. The definition of the inductive effect directly aligns with this statement, as it describes the polarization of sigma bonds due to electronegative atoms.

- **Statement C**: "The I effect creates net charge in the molecule."
- This statement is **incorrect**. The inductive effect results in partial charges (δ+ and δ-), not a net charge. A net charge would imply a complete transfer of electrons, which does not occur in this case.

- **Statement D**: "The I effect is distance independent."
- This statement is **incorrect**. The inductive effect is actually distance dependent; its influence diminishes with increasing distance from the electronegative atom or group.

3. **Conclusion**:
- After evaluating all the statements, the only correct statement about the inductive effect is **Statement B**: "The I effect is the polarization of sigma bond electrons."

### Final Answer:
The correct statement about the inductive effect is **Statement B**.