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Arrange following compounds in decreasin...

Arrange following compounds in decreasing order of their dipole moment.
`underset("I")(CH_(3)-CH_(2)-NO_(2))" "underset("II")(CH_(3)-CH_(2)-NH_(2))" "underset("III")(CH_(3)-CH_(2)-F)"`
`underset("IV")(CH_(3)-CH_(2)-C-=N)`

A

`IVgtIIIgtIgtII`

B

`IVgtIgtIIIgtII`

C

`IgtIIIgtIVgtII`

D

`IgtIVgtIIIgtII`

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To arrange the compounds in decreasing order of their dipole moment, we need to analyze the electronegativity and the inductive effects of the substituents in each compound. The compounds given are: 1. \( CH_3-CH_2-NO_2 \) (I) 2. \( CH_3-CH_2-NH_2 \) (II) 3. \( CH_3-CH_2-F \) (III) 4. \( CH_3-CH_2-C \equiv N \) (IV) ### Step 1: Understand the factors affecting dipole moment The dipole moment (\( \mu \)) is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the atoms involved in the bond and the distance between the charges. The more electronegative an atom, the greater the dipole moment it can contribute to the molecule. ### Step 2: Analyze each compound - **Compound I: \( CH_3-CH_2-NO_2 \)** - The nitro group (\( NO_2 \)) is highly electronegative and has a strong -I (inductive) effect, pulling electron density towards itself, resulting in a significant dipole moment. - **Compound II: \( CH_3-CH_2-NH_2 \)** - The amino group (\( NH_2 \)) is less electronegative than \( NO_2 \) and has a weaker -I effect. Thus, it will have a lower dipole moment compared to compound I. - **Compound III: \( CH_3-CH_2-F \)** - The fluorine atom is highly electronegative, but the dipole moment contributed by the \( F \) atom is less than that of the \( NO_2 \) group. However, it is stronger than the \( NH_2 \) group. - **Compound IV: \( CH_3-CH_2-C \equiv N \)** - The cyano group (\( C \equiv N \)) is also quite electronegative and has a significant dipole moment, but it is generally considered to have a dipole moment lower than that of \( NO_2 \). ### Step 3: Arrange the compounds based on dipole moments Based on the analysis: 1. \( CH_3-CH_2-NO_2 \) (I) - Highest dipole moment 2. \( CH_3-CH_2-C \equiv N \) (IV) - Second highest dipole moment 3. \( CH_3-CH_2-F \) (III) - Third highest dipole moment 4. \( CH_3-CH_2-NH_2 \) (II) - Lowest dipole moment ### Final Order Thus, the order of the compounds in decreasing order of their dipole moment is: **I > IV > III > II** or **1432**.
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