Write notes on :
Solubility product and its application to analysis of Group -II and Group - III (B) basic radicals.

Write a notes on: Steps of r-DNA technology and its applications.

Write a note on fermentation by microbes and its two applications.

Write short note on : Ortho and para directing groups

Write notes on (i) Electroplating (ii) Electrorefining (iii) Galvanic cell (iv) Electrotyping (v) Electrochemical series.

(i) Explain with reason: (a) Presence of electron withdrawing group increases the acidic character of phenol. (b) Solubility of alcohols in water decreases with increase in molecular mass. (c) Phenol is more acidic than ethanol. (ii) How would you obtain (a) picric acid from phenol? (b) 2-methyl propanol from 2-methyl propene?

Refer to the given graph showing state of ionisation of zwitterion. Select the correct statements regarding zwitterion. (i) Zwitterions can be formed from compunds that contain both acid groups and basic groups in their molecules. (ii) A zwitterion can act either as proton donor or proton acceptor. (iii) A monoamine monocarboxylic alpha -amino acid is a acid at high pH as both the groups (amino and carboxyl) lose a proton. (iv) Amino acids in solution at neutral pH exist predominantly as dipolar ions, the amino group is protonated (-NH_(3)^(+)) and the carboxyl group is deprotonated (-COO^(-)) .

Describe the oxidising action of potassium dichromate and write the ionic equations for its reaction with (i) iodide (ii) iron (II) solution and (iii) H_(2)S .