The effect of dilution on conductance shows:

Options

A. 1. increase in specific conductance.
B. 2. decrease in equivalent conductance.
C. 3. increase in molar conductance.
D. 4. decrease in conductance.

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the effect of dilution on conductance, we can break it down into several steps:

### Step 1: Understand Conductance
Conductance (G) is a measure of how well a solution can conduct electricity. It depends on the number of ions present in the solution and their mobility.

### Step 2: Effect of Dilution on Ion Concentration
When a solution is diluted, the concentration of ions decreases. However, dilution also affects the degree of dissociation of electrolytes. For weak electrolytes, dilution increases the degree of dissociation, leading to more ions being present in the solution.

### Step 3: Degree of Dissociation
As the solution is diluted, the degree of dissociation (α) of weak electrolytes increases. This means that more of the solute dissociates into ions, which contributes to the overall conductivity of the solution.

### Step 4: Total Number of Ions
Even though the concentration of ions decreases due to dilution, the total number of ions can increase because more solute molecules dissociate into ions. This increase in the total number of ions can lead to an increase in conductance.

### Step 5: Specific and Molar Conductance
- **Specific Conductance (κ)**: This is the conductance of a solution per unit length and cross-sectional area. It increases with dilution due to the increased degree of dissociation.
- **Molar Conductance (Λ)**: This is the conductance of a solution per mole of solute. It also increases with dilution as more ions are produced from the dissociation of the solute.

### Conclusion
In summary, the effect of dilution on conductance shows that both specific conductance and molar conductance increase due to the increase in the degree of dissociation and the total number of ions in the solution.

### Final Answer
The correct options are:
1. Increase in specific conductance
2. Increase in molar conductance

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