In gymnosperms, hapoid spores are produced by `:`

Options

A. gametophytes
B. sporophytes
C. archegonia
D. antheridia

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Gymnosperms**: Gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that have seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary. The term "gymnosperm" means "naked seeds."

2. **Sporophytic Body**: The main body of gymnosperms is the sporophyte, which is diploid (2n). This means it has two sets of chromosomes.

3. **Meiosis Process**: The sporophyte undergoes meiosis, a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in haploid (n) spores.

4. **Formation of Spores**: Through meiosis, the diploid sporophyte produces haploid spores. These spores are crucial as they will eventually develop into the gametophyte generation.

5. **Gametophyte Development**: The haploid spores germinate and develop into gametophytes, which are the structures that produce gametes (sperm and eggs).

6. **Gamete Fusion**: The gametes produced by the gametophytes undergo fusion (syngamy) to form a diploid zygote, which will develop back into the sporophyte.

7. **Identifying the Correct Answer**: Given the options, the correct answer to the question "In gymnosperms, haploid spores are produced by:" is the sporophyte, as it is the structure that undergoes meiosis to produce haploid spores.

**Final Answer**: In gymnosperms, haploid spores are produced by the sporophyte.

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