When moss spores germinate, they form

Options

A. Leafy gametophyte
B. Capsule
C. Protonema
D. Rhizoids

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Moss Spores**: Mosses reproduce via spores, which are produced in a structure called a capsule. When these spores are released, they can germinate under suitable conditions.

2. **Germination of Spores**: Upon germination, moss spores do not directly form a mature plant. Instead, they develop into a specific structure.

3. **Formation of Protonema**: The first structure that develops from the germinated moss spore is called the protonema. This is an elongate, thread-like structure that serves as the initial stage of the moss life cycle.

4. **Characteristics of Protonema**: The protonema can branch out and may develop into different forms depending on the species of moss and environmental conditions. It can form structures such as Chloronema, Colonema, or Rhizoids.

5. **Differentiating Other Options**:
- **Leafy Gametophyte**: This structure develops from the protonema but is not formed directly from the spore. It is a later stage in the moss life cycle.
- **Capsule**: This is the structure where spores are produced, not formed from the germination of spores.
- **Rhizoids**: These are root-like structures that may develop from the protonema but are not the first structure formed.

6. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the correct answer to the question "When moss spores germinate, they form" is **protonema**.

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