Genetically modified organisms (GMO) have useful for:

Options

A. Tolerant to abiotic stress
B. Reduced reliance on chemical pesticides
C. Reduced post harvest loss
D. All of these

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs):**
- GMOs are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. This modification can enhance certain traits or introduce new characteristics.

2. **Identifying the Uses of GMOs:**
- GMOs have several applications that make them beneficial in agriculture and food production. The question lists three specific advantages:
- **Tolerant to Abiotic Stress:** GMOs can be engineered to withstand harsh environmental conditions such as drought, extreme temperatures, and salinity.
- **Reduced Reliance on Chemical Pesticides:** By incorporating genes that provide resistance to pests, GMOs can minimize the need for chemical pesticides, leading to a more sustainable agricultural practice.
- **Reduced Post-Harvest Loss:** GMOs can be modified to enhance their shelf life and resistance to spoilage, thus reducing losses after harvest.

3. **Evaluating the Options:**
- The options provided in the question are:
1. Tolerant to abiotic stress
2. Reduced reliance on chemical pesticides
3. Reduced post-harvest loss
4. All of these
- Each of the first three options is a valid advantage of GMOs.

4. **Conclusion:**
- Since all three listed advantages are true, the correct answer is option 4: "All of these."