The prerequisties for biotechnological production of antibiotics is

Options

A. A. to search an antibiotic producing microorganism
B. B. to isolate the antibiotic gene
C. C. to join antibiotic gene with E. coli plasmid
D. D. All of these

Answer

To answer the question regarding the prerequisites for biotechnological production of antibiotics, we can break down the process into several key steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Search for Antibiotic-Producing Microorganisms**:
- The first step in the biotechnological production of antibiotics is to identify and search for microorganisms that are capable of producing antibiotics. This involves screening various microbial strains to find those that exhibit antibiotic properties.

**Hint**: Look for microorganisms that have been known to produce antibiotics, such as certain bacteria and fungi.

2. **Isolate the Antibiotic Gene**:
- Once a suitable antibiotic-producing microorganism is identified, the next step is to isolate the specific gene responsible for antibiotic production. This gene encodes the necessary enzymes and proteins that facilitate the synthesis of the antibiotic.

**Hint**: Use molecular biology techniques such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) to amplify and isolate the antibiotic gene.

3. **Join Antibiotic Gene with E. coli Plasmid**:
- After isolating the antibiotic gene, it needs to be inserted into a plasmid vector, such as an E. coli plasmid. This step is crucial for cloning the gene and producing the antibiotic in a controlled environment. The plasmid serves as a vehicle to transfer the antibiotic gene into a host organism.

**Hint**: Familiarize yourself with the process of ligation, where the antibiotic gene is joined to the plasmid using enzymes like DNA ligase.

4. **Conclusion**:
- All of the above steps are essential prerequisites for the biotechnological production of antibiotics. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is D. all of these.

### Final Answer:
The prerequisites for biotechnological production of antibiotics are:
D. all of these (A. to search an antibiotic producing microorganism, B. to isolate the antibiotic gene, C. to join antibiotic gene with E. coli plasmid).