Which is used in production of insulin by genetic engineering

Options

A. Escherichia coli
B. Mycobacterium
C. both(1)and(2)
D. None of these

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks which organism is used in the production of insulin through genetic engineering. We need to identify the correct bacterium involved in this process.

2. **Identifying the Organism**: The production of human insulin through genetic engineering primarily involves the use of the bacterium *Escherichia coli* (E. coli). This bacterium is commonly used in biotechnology due to its ability to replicate quickly and its well-understood genetics.

3. **Process Overview**: The process of producing insulin involves several steps:
- **Isolation of the Insulin Gene**: The gene responsible for producing insulin is extracted from human pancreatic cells.
- **Plasmid Extraction**: A plasmid (a small circular DNA molecule) is extracted from E. coli.
- **Gene Insertion**: The insulin gene is inserted into the plasmid to create recombinant DNA.
- **Transformation**: This recombinant DNA is introduced back into E. coli, creating a recombinant bacterium.
- **Multiplication**: The recombinant E. coli is cultured in a fermentation tank, where it multiplies and produces insulin.
- **Purification**: Finally, the insulin is extracted and purified for medical use.

4. **Conclusion**: Based on the process described, the organism used in the production of insulin by genetic engineering is *Escherichia coli*.

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is *Escherichia coli* (E. coli).

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