Human insulin is being commercially produced from transgenic species of

Options

A. E.coli
B. brassica napus
C. Bacillus thuringiensis
D. Agrobacterium

Answer

To answer the question regarding the commercial production of human insulin from transgenic species, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Human Insulin Production**: Human insulin is a peptide hormone crucial for regulating blood glucose levels. Traditionally, it was extracted from the pancreas of animals, but this method had limitations and ethical concerns.

2. **Introduction to Biotechnology**: With advancements in biotechnology, scientists developed methods to produce human insulin using recombinant DNA technology. This involves inserting the human insulin gene into a suitable host organism.

3. **Identifying the Host Organism**: The question asks about the transgenic species used for the commercial production of human insulin. The options provided are:
- E. coli
- Brassica nippus
- Bacillus thuringiensis
- Agrobacterium

4. **Choosing the Correct Option**: Among the options, E. coli is a commonly used bacterium in genetic engineering due to its rapid growth and ability to express foreign genes. It is often used as a host for producing recombinant proteins, including human insulin.

5. **Production Process**: In the production of human insulin:
- The human insulin gene is inserted into the plasmid of E. coli.
- The transformed E. coli cells are cultured, allowing them to produce the insulin chains (A and B).
- These chains are then harvested and combined through disulfide bonds to form the active form of human insulin.

6. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the correct answer to the question is **E. coli**, as it is the transgenic species from which human insulin is commercially produced.

### Final Answer:
Human insulin is being commercially produced from transgenic species of **E. coli**.