Which of the following characteristics are associated with halophyte plants?
I. Presence of pneumatophores
II. Leaves and stem have hairy and waxy covering
III. Shows viviparous germination
IV. Leaves show heterophylly

Options

A. I, II and III are correct
B. I and II are correct
C. II and IV are correct
D. I and III are correct

Answer

To determine which characteristics are associated with halophyte plants, we will analyze each option provided in the question:

1. **Presence of Pneumatophores**:
- Pneumatophores are specialized aerial roots that are found in some mangrove species. They protrude above the soil and are covered with lenticels, which facilitate gaseous exchange. This characteristic is indeed associated with halophyte plants, particularly those in saline environments.
- **Conclusion**: True for halophytes.

2. **Leaves and Stem Have Hairy and Waxy Covering**:
- Halophyte plants often have adaptations to reduce water loss due to high salinity. The epidermis of these plants is typically covered with a waxy layer and may have hair-like structures. This helps in minimizing transpiration and protecting against salt accumulation.
- **Conclusion**: True for halophytes.

3. **Shows Viviparous Germination**:
- Viviparous germination is when seeds germinate while still attached to the parent plant. Many coastal halophytes exhibit this type of germination, allowing them to thrive in saline conditions by ensuring that the young plants are established before dispersing.
- **Conclusion**: True for halophytes.

4. **Leaves Show Heterophylly**:
- Heterophylly refers to the presence of different leaf shapes on the same plant. While this trait is common in some aquatic plants, it is not a characteristic associated with halophytes. Halophytes do not typically exhibit heterophylly as a defining feature.
- **Conclusion**: False for halophytes.

**Final Answer**: The characteristics associated with halophyte plants are I, II, and III.