The hybridisation of carbon in diamond, graphite and acetylene are respectively

Options

A. `sp^2,sp,sp^3`
B. `sp,sp^2,sp^3`
C. `sp^3,sp^2,sp`
D. `sp^2,sp^3,sp`

Answer

To determine the hybridization of carbon in diamond, graphite, and acetylene, we will analyze each structure step by step.

### Step 1: Hybridization in Diamond
1. **Structure of Diamond**: Diamond is an allotrope of carbon where each carbon atom is tetrahedrally bonded to four other carbon atoms.
2. **Bonding**: Each carbon forms four sigma bonds with four neighboring carbon atoms.
3. **Steric Number Calculation**: The steric number is calculated as the number of sigma bonds plus the number of lone pairs. In diamond, there are:
- 4 sigma bonds (no lone pairs).
- Steric number = 4 + 0 = 4.
4. **Hybridization**: For a steric number of 4, the hybridization is sp³.

### Step 2: Hybridization in Graphite
1. **Structure of Graphite**: In graphite, each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms in a planar structure.
2. **Bonding**: Each carbon forms three sigma bonds with three neighboring carbon atoms. There is also a delocalized pi bond above and below the plane, but pi bonds are not considered in hybridization.
3. **Steric Number Calculation**: The steric number is:
- 3 sigma bonds (no lone pairs).
- Steric number = 3 + 0 = 3.
4. **Hybridization**: For a steric number of 3, the hybridization is sp².

### Step 3: Hybridization in Acetylene
1. **Structure of Acetylene**: Acetylene (C₂H₂) consists of two carbon atoms triple bonded to each other, with each carbon also bonded to one hydrogen atom.
2. **Bonding**: Each carbon forms two sigma bonds (one with another carbon and one with hydrogen) and has two pi bonds (the triple bond consists of one sigma and two pi bonds).
3. **Steric Number Calculation**: The steric number is:
- 2 sigma bonds (no lone pairs).
- Steric number = 2 + 0 = 2.
4. **Hybridization**: For a steric number of 2, the hybridization is sp.

### Final Answer
- The hybridization of carbon in diamond is **sp³**.
- The hybridization of carbon in graphite is **sp²**.
- The hybridization of carbon in acetylene is **sp**.

Thus, the hybridization of carbon in diamond, graphite, and acetylene are respectively **sp³, sp², and sp**.

### Summary of Hybridizations:
- Diamond: sp³
- Graphite: sp²
- Acetylene: sp