In which of the following entropy increases?

Options

A. Crystallization of sucrose from solution
B. Rusting of iron
C. Melting of ice
D. Vaporization of camphor

Answer

To determine in which of the following processes the entropy increases, we need to analyze each option based on the concept of entropy, which is a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Crystallization of Sucrose from Solution**:
- In this process, a liquid solution of sucrose is converted into solid crystals.
- In the solid state, the particles are more ordered and closely packed compared to the liquid state.
- **Conclusion**: The entropy decreases during crystallization.

2. **Rusting of Iron**:
- Rusting involves the reaction of iron with oxygen to form solid rust (iron oxide).
- The formation of a solid from reactants (iron and oxygen) leads to a more ordered arrangement of particles.
- **Conclusion**: The entropy decreases during rusting.

3. **Melting of Ice**:
- Here, solid ice is converted into liquid water.
- In the solid state, water molecules are arranged in a fixed structure, while in the liquid state, they can move more freely.
- **Conclusion**: The entropy increases during melting of ice.

4. **Vaporization of Camphor**:
- This process involves the transition from solid camphor to its gaseous state.
- In the gaseous state, the molecules have much more freedom of movement compared to the solid state, leading to increased randomness.
- **Conclusion**: The entropy increases during vaporization of camphor.

### Final Answer:
The processes in which entropy increases are:
- Melting of ice
- Vaporization of camphor