Organisms belonging to pteridophytes, gymnosperms angiosperms and most of the animals including human beings.

Options

A. Produce gametes by meiosis
B. Produce gametes by mitosis
C. Have diploid parental body
D. Both (1) and (3)

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution

1. **Understanding the Organisms**: The question refers to organisms belonging to pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms, and most animals, including humans. These organisms reproduce sexually.

2. **Sexual Reproduction**: In sexual reproduction, two parents (male and female) contribute gametes. The male gamete (sperm) and the female gamete (egg) fuse to form a zygote.

3. **Gamete Formation**: Gametes are produced through a specific type of cell division. In these organisms, gametes are produced by meiosis. Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in haploid gametes (n).

4. **Parental Body**: The parental organisms (the male and female) are typically diploid (2n), meaning they have two sets of chromosomes. During sexual reproduction, these diploid organisms produce haploid gametes through meiosis.

5. **Conclusion**: Based on the above points, we can conclude:
- They produce gametes by meiosis (correct).
- They have a diploid parental body (correct).
- Therefore, the correct answer includes both statements: they produce gametes by meiosis and have a diploid parental body.

### Final Answer
The correct option is both 1 and 3: they produce gametes by meiosis and they have a diploid parental body.

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