Which of the following group uses water as medium for gamete transport?
a. Algae (Thallophytes) b. Bryophytes
c. Pteridophytes d. Gymnospersms
e. Angiosperms

Options

A. a, b and c
B. b, c and d
C. c, d and e
D. b and c only

Answer

To determine which group of organisms uses water as a medium for gamete transport, we can analyze each option provided in the question:

1. **Algae (Thallophytes)**: Algae are simple aquatic organisms that reproduce sexually by producing gametes. In many algae, the male gametes (sperm) swim through water to reach the female gametes (eggs). Thus, water is indeed the medium for gamete transport in algae.

2. **Bryophytes**: Bryophytes, which include mosses and liverworts, also require water for the transfer of male gametes. The sperm produced by male gametophytes swim through water to fertilize the eggs in the female gametophytes. Therefore, they also use water as a medium for gamete transport.

3. **Pteridophytes**: Pteridophytes, such as ferns, also depend on water for the movement of male gametes. The sperm produced by the male gametophyte swims through water to reach the egg in the female gametophyte. Hence, they too utilize water for gamete transport.

4. **Gymnosperms**: Gymnosperms, which include conifers, do not rely on water for gamete transport. Instead, they primarily use wind for pollination, where pollen grains (male gametes) are carried to the ovules (female gametes) without the need for water.

5. **Angiosperms**: Angiosperms, or flowering plants, also do not use water for gamete transport. They typically rely on various agents like insects, birds, or wind for pollination, which facilitates the transfer of pollen to the ovules.

Based on this analysis, the groups that use water as a medium for gamete transport are **Algae (Thallophytes)**, **Bryophytes**, and **Pteridophytes**.

**Final Answer**: The correct options are **a. Algae (Thallophytes)**, **b. Bryophytes**, and **c. Pteridophytes**.

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