Which of the following does not illustrate the phenomenon of natural selection?

Options

A. Industrial melanism
B. Herbicide resistance weeds
C. Artifical breeding
D. Antibiotic resistance microbes

Answer

To determine which option does not illustrate the phenomenon of natural selection, we need to analyze each option in relation to the principles of natural selection as proposed by Charles Darwin.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand Natural Selection**:
- Natural selection is a process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. This is often summarized as "survival of the fittest."

2. **Analyze the Options**:
- **Option 1: Industrial Melanism**:
- This refers to the phenomenon where darker-colored organisms become more prevalent in polluted environments because they are less visible to predators. This is a clear example of natural selection, as the fittest organisms survive and reproduce.
- **Option 2: Herbicide Resistant Weeds**:
- Weeds that have developed resistance to herbicides can survive and reproduce despite the application of these chemicals. This is also an example of natural selection, as the resistant weeds are the fittest in that context.
- **Option 3: Artificial Breeding**:
- This is a human-mediated process where specific traits are selected for breeding purposes, often disregarding natural environmental pressures. This does not illustrate natural selection, as it is not based on survival in a natural environment.
- **Option 4: Antibiotic Resistant Microbes**:
- Similar to herbicide-resistant weeds, microbes that develop resistance to antibiotics survive and reproduce despite the presence of antibiotics. This is a classic example of natural selection.

3. **Identify the Correct Answer**:
- After analyzing all options, **Artificial Breeding** is the only option that does not illustrate the phenomenon of natural selection, as it is a human-directed process rather than a natural one.

### Final Answer:
**Artificial Breeding** does not illustrate the phenomenon of natural selection.

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