Process of species formation in which a segment of population within the parent population becomes gentically isolated through polyploidy and is therefore unable to interbreed with the same is known is

Options

A. Allopatric speciation
B. Phyletic speciation
C. Sympatric speciation
D. Fusion speciation

Answer

To solve the question regarding the process of species formation where a segment of a population becomes genetically isolated through polyploidy and is unable to interbreed with the parent population, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Question**: The question asks for a specific type of speciation that involves genetic isolation due to polyploidy.

2. **Identify the Options**: The options provided are:
- A) Allopatric speciation
- B) Phylactic speciation
- C) Sympatric speciation
- D) Fusion speciation

3. **Analyze Each Option**:
- **Allopatric Speciation**: This involves geographical barriers that separate populations, leading to speciation. However, it does not involve genetic isolation through polyploidy.
- **Phylactic Speciation**: This refers to a complete transformation of one species into another, which does not align with the question's focus on a segment of a population becoming isolated.
- **Fusion Speciation**: This describes the merging of two populations leading to hybridization, which again does not fit the description of a segment becoming isolated.
- **Sympatric Speciation**: This occurs when a segment of a population within the same geographical area undergoes genetic changes (like polyploidy) that prevent interbreeding with the parent population, leading to the formation of a new species.

4. **Conclusion**: Based on the analysis, the correct answer is **C) Sympatric speciation**. This process specifically involves genetic isolation within the same geographical area due to polyploidy.