The non-directional forces that alters Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is :

Options

A. Genetic drift
B. Gene flow
C. Gene recombination
D. Mutations

Answer

To solve the question regarding the non-directional forces that alter Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we will analyze the provided options step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium**:
- Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes a population that is not evolving. For a population to be in this state, certain conditions must be met, including no mutations, random mating, no natural selection, extremely large population size, and no gene flow.

2. **Identify the Options**:
- The options given are:
1. Genetic drift
2. Gene flow
3. Gene recombination
4. Mutations

3. **Analyze Genetic Drift**:
- Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that refers to random changes in allele frequencies in a population, especially in small populations. These changes occur by chance and are non-directional, meaning they do not favor one allele over another.

4. **Analyze Gene Flow**:
- Gene flow involves the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another. This process can introduce new genetic material into a population, which can affect allele frequencies in a directional manner.

5. **Analyze Gene Recombination**:
- Gene recombination occurs during sexual reproduction when genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes. This process increases genetic diversity but does not directly alter allele frequencies in a non-directional way.

6. **Analyze Mutations**:
- Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can introduce new alleles into a population. While they can affect allele frequencies, they are not considered a non-directional force that alters Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

7. **Conclusion**:
- Among the options, genetic drift is the only non-directional force that alters Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. It leads to random changes in allele frequencies, particularly in small populations.

### Final Answer:
The non-directional force that alters Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is **genetic drift**.

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