Mutation which commonly observed in cancer cells is

Options

A. point mutation
B. chromosomal aberration
C. hyperneuploidy
D. non-sense mutation

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks about the type of mutation that is commonly observed in cancer cells. We need to analyze the options provided: point mutation, chromosomal aberration, hyper aneuploidy, and nonsense mutation.

2. **Defining Point Mutation**: Point mutation refers to a change within a gene where one base pair in the DNA sequence is altered. This can lead to three types of effects:
- **Silent Mutation**: No change in the amino acid sequence.
- **Nonsense Mutation**: The mutation creates a stop codon, terminating protein synthesis prematurely.
- **Missense Mutation**: The mutation results in a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein.

3. **Defining Chromosomal Aberration**: Chromosomal aberration involves changes in chromosome number or structure. This includes:
- Changes in chromosome number (gains or losses).
- Structural changes (deletions, inversions, exchanges).

4. **Defining Hyper Aneuploidy**: Hyper aneuploidy is a specific type of aneuploidy where there is an abnormal increase in the number of chromosomes (more than the normal count). For example, Down syndrome is caused by hyper aneuploidy (47 chromosomes instead of 46).

5. **Defining Nonsense Mutation**: Nonsense mutation is a specific type of point mutation that leads to the formation of a stop codon, which can result in truncated proteins.

6. **Identifying the Common Mutation in Cancer**: Among the options, chromosomal aberrations are most commonly associated with cancer. These mutations can lead to significant changes in the genetic material, which can drive the uncontrolled cell division characteristic of cancer.

7. **Conclusion**: The type of mutation that is commonly observed in cancer cells is **chromosomal aberration**.

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