What is the product formed in the following reaction?
`C_(6)H_(5)OH + "CCl"_(4) overset("NaOH")(rarr)`

Options

A. Benzaldehyde
B. Salicyladehyde
C. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid
D. o-Hydroxybenzoic acid

Answer

To solve the reaction between phenol (C₆H₅OH) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the Reactants
The reactants in this reaction are:
- Phenol (C₆H₅OH)
- Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄)
- Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

### Step 2: Understand the Role of NaOH
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base and will deprotonate the phenol. This means it will remove the hydrogen atom from the hydroxyl group (-OH) of phenol, resulting in the formation of a phenoxide ion (C₆H₅O⁻) and a sodium ion (Na⁺).

### Step 3: Formation of Phenoxide Ion
When NaOH reacts with phenol, the reaction can be represented as:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{O}^- \text{Na}^+ + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]

### Step 4: Electrophilic Attack by CCl₄
The phenoxide ion (C₆H₅O⁻) is a good nucleophile due to the negative charge on the oxygen atom. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) will act as a source of electrophilic carbon. The chlorine atoms in CCl₄ are electron-withdrawing, making the carbon atom more electrophilic.

### Step 5: Nucleophilic Substitution
The phenoxide ion will attack the electrophilic carbon in CCl₄, leading to the substitution of one of the chlorine atoms. This results in the formation of a chlorinated phenol.

### Step 6: Formation of Salicylic Acid
In the presence of excess NaOH, further reactions can occur. The chlorinated phenol can undergo hydrolysis, leading to the formation of salicylic acid (ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid). The final product can be represented as:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_4(\text{OH})(\text{COOH}) \]

### Conclusion
The product formed from the reaction of phenol with CCl₄ in the presence of NaOH is ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid).

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