The amount of energy which is released due to addition of ectra electron to the outermost orbit of gaseous atom is called

Options

A. Electron capacity
B. Electron affinity
C. Ionization energy
D. Electronegativity

Answer

To answer the question, "The amount of energy which is released due to the addition of an extra electron to the outermost orbit of a gaseous atom is called," we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Concept**: The question is asking about a specific term in chemistry that describes the energy change associated with adding an electron to an atom.

2. **Identifying Key Terms**: The key terms in the question are "energy released," "addition of an extra electron," and "outermost orbit of a gaseous atom."

3. **Defining Electron Affinity**: The energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom in the gas phase is defined as electron affinity. This is because when an atom gains an electron, it often releases energy due to the attraction between the negatively charged electron and the positively charged nucleus.

4. **Understanding the Process**: When an electron is added to a gaseous atom, it can lead to the formation of an anion (negatively charged ion). The process can be represented as:
\[ \text{Atom (g)} + e^- \rightarrow \text{Anion (g)} + \text{Energy} \]
The energy released during this process is what we refer to as electron affinity.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that the amount of energy released due to the addition of an extra electron to the outermost orbit of a gaseous atom is called **electron affinity**.

### Final Answer:
The amount of energy which is released due to the addition of an extra electron to the outermost orbit of a gaseous atom is called **electron affinity**.