Which is true about mosses

Options

A. Dominant and independent sporophyte
B. Archegonia produce many eggs
C. Antherozoids require water for fertilization
D. Gemmae are sexual buds

Answer

To determine which statement about mosses is true, we will analyze each option provided in the question.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Mosses' Life Cycle**:
- Mosses exhibit an alternation of generations, which includes two distinct phases: the haploid gametophyte and the diploid sporophyte.
- The gametophyte is the dominant and independent phase, while the sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition.

**Hint**: Recall the concept of alternation of generations in plants, especially in bryophytes like mosses.

2. **Evaluating Option 1**:
- The first option states that mosses have a "dominant and independent sporophyte."
- This is incorrect because in mosses, the sporophyte is short-lived and dependent on the gametophyte for sustenance.

**Hint**: Consider the roles of gametophytes and sporophytes in mosses and their independence.

3. **Evaluating Option 2**:
- The second option claims that "archegonia produces many eggs."
- This is also incorrect. The archegonia, which are the female reproductive structures in mosses, produce only one egg cell, not many.

**Hint**: Remember the function of archegonia in moss reproduction.

4. **Evaluating Option 3**:
- The third option states that "antherozoids require water for fertilization."
- This statement is true. Antherozoids (sperm cells) swim through water to reach the archegonia and fertilize the egg, which is essential for the formation of the zygote.

**Hint**: Think about the role of water in the fertilization process of mosses.

5. **Evaluating Option 4**:
- The fourth option claims that "gemmae are sexual buds."
- This is incorrect. Gemmae are asexual reproductive structures that can detach from the parent plant and grow into new individuals.

**Hint**: Distinguish between sexual and asexual reproduction in mosses.

### Conclusion:
The only correct statement about mosses is that **antherozoids require water for fertilization**.

### Final Answer:
**The correct option is: Antherozoids require water for fertilization.**

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