Find out the correct order of succession levels in Xerarch:

Options

A. Lichen, moss stage, Annual herb stage, Perennial herb stage, Shrub stage, Forest
B. Annual herb stage, Perennial herb stage, Lichen moss stage, Shrub stage , Forest
C. Perennial herb stage, Annual herb stage, Lichens moss stage, shrub stage, Forest
D. Forest, shurb stage, Annual herb stage, Perennial herb stage , Lichen moss stage.

Answer

To determine the correct order of succession levels in Xerarch, we need to understand the process of ecological succession that occurs in dry or arid conditions. Xerarch succession begins in environments with very low water availability, such as sand deserts or rocky areas. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the succession levels in Xerarch:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Start with Bare Rocks**: The process begins with bare rocks, which provide a harsh environment with minimal nutrients and moisture.

2. **Pioneer Community - Lichens**: The first organisms to colonize these bare rocks are pioneer species, primarily lichens. They are capable of surviving in extreme conditions and begin the process of soil formation.

3. **Foliose Lichens Stage**: As conditions improve slightly due to the breakdown of rock by lichens, foliose lichens can establish themselves. These lichens have a leaf-like structure and contribute further to soil development.

4. **Moss Stage**: Following the foliose lichens, mosses can grow in the developing soil. They help retain moisture and add organic matter to the soil as they die and decompose.

5. **Annual Herb Stage**: Once mosses establish, annual herbs can take root. These plants complete their life cycle within one growing season and contribute more organic material to the soil.

6. **Perennial Herb Stage**: After the annual herbs, perennial herbs establish themselves. These plants live for multiple years and further enrich the soil.

7. **Shrub Stage**: As the soil continues to improve, shrubs can grow. They provide habitat and further modify the environment.

8. **Climax Community - Forest**: Finally, the shrub stage is followed by the development of a tree forest, which represents the climax community in Xerarch succession.

### Correct Order of Succession Levels:
- Bare Rocks
- Lichens
- Foliose Lichens
- Moss Stage
- Annual Herb Stage
- Perennial Herb Stage
- Shrub Stage
- Forest (Climax Community)