Estuary is characterized by:

Options

A. High species diversity
B. Quick removal of waste
C. Maximum turbulence and year round succession of organisms
D. All of these

Answer

To answer the question "Estuary is characterized by:", we will analyze the characteristics of estuaries step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Definition of Estuary**:
- An estuary is a coastal area where freshwater from rivers or streams meets and mixes with saltwater from the ocean. This mixing creates a unique environment known as brackish water.

2. **Brackish Water**:
- Brackish water is less salty than seawater but saltier than freshwater. This salinity gradient supports a diverse range of organisms.

3. **High Species Diversity**:
- Estuaries are known for their high species diversity. The unique conditions of brackish water provide habitats for various species of fish, birds, plants, and invertebrates.

4. **Quick Removal of Waste**:
- The continuous circulation of water in estuaries facilitates the quick removal of waste products. This is important for maintaining the health of the ecosystem.

5. **Maximum Turbulence**:
- Estuaries experience maximum turbulence due to the mixing of freshwater and saltwater, as well as the movement of tides. This turbulence helps in the distribution of nutrients and organisms.

6. **Year-Round Succession of Organisms**:
- Estuaries exhibit a high rate of ecological succession, meaning that different species can thrive at different times of the year, contributing to the overall biodiversity.

7. **Conclusion**:
- Given the characteristics discussed, we can conclude that estuaries are indeed characterized by high species diversity, quick removal of waste, maximum turbulence, and year-round succession of organisms. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is "all of these."

### Final Answer:
Estuary is characterized by all of these: high species diversity, quick removal of waste, maximum turbulence, and year-round succession of organisms.

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