There are four major causes of losses of biodiversity and is also called.

Options

A. Alpha diversity
B. Beta diversity
C. Gamma diversity
D. The evil quartet

Explanation

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Biodiversity Loss**: Biodiversity loss refers to the decline in the variety and variability of life forms on Earth. It is crucial to identify the major causes of this loss to implement effective conservation strategies.

2. **Identifying the Options**: The question provides four options to choose from regarding the major causes of biodiversity loss:
- Option 1: Alpha diversity
- Option 2: Beta diversity
- Option 3: Gamma diversity
- Option 4: The evil quartet

3. **Analyzing Alpha Diversity**: Alpha diversity refers to the diversity of species within a specific local area. It does not encompass the broader causes of biodiversity loss.

4. **Analyzing Beta Diversity**: Beta diversity measures the difference in species diversity between different ecosystems or regions. Like alpha diversity, it does not directly relate to the causes of biodiversity loss.

5. **Analyzing Gamma Diversity**: Gamma diversity represents the total species diversity in a larger region or ecosystem. It is a measure of overall biodiversity but does not identify specific causes of biodiversity loss.

6. **Identifying the Correct Answer**: The fourth option, "the evil quartet," refers to four major causes of biodiversity loss:
- **Habitat Loss**: Destruction or alteration of natural habitats.
- **Overexploitation**: Unsustainable use of resources leading to species decline.
- **Introduction of Exotic Species**: Non-native species that can outcompete or harm native species.
- **Co-extinction**: The extinction of one species leading to the extinction of another that depends on it.

7. **Conclusion**: The correct answer to the question is option 4, "the evil quartet," which encapsulates the four major causes of biodiversity loss.