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The process requiring absorption of ener...

The process requiring absorption of energy is
(1) `F to F^(-)` (2) `Cl to Cl^(-)`
`O to O^(2-)` (4) `H to H^(-)`

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The correct Answer is:
To solve the question regarding which process requires the absorption of energy, we will analyze each option step by step. ### Step 1: Understanding Electron Gain Enthalpy Electron gain enthalpy is the amount of energy released or absorbed when an electron is added to a neutral atom to form a negative ion. If energy is absorbed, the process is endothermic; if energy is released, the process is exothermic. ### Step 2: Analyzing Each Option 1. **F to F^(-)**: - Fluorine (F) gains an electron to become F^(-). This process is exothermic because fluorine has a high tendency to gain an electron due to its high electronegativity. Energy is released when F accepts an electron. 2. **Cl to Cl^(-)**: - Chlorine (Cl) also gains an electron to become Cl^(-). Similar to fluorine, this process is exothermic as chlorine is also electronegative and releases energy upon gaining an electron. 3. **O to O^(2-)**: - Oxygen (O) first gains one electron to become O^(-), which is an exothermic process. However, when O^(-) tries to gain another electron to become O^(2-), this process becomes endothermic. This is because of the increased electron-electron repulsion in the already negatively charged ion, requiring energy to be absorbed to overcome this repulsion. 4. **H to H^(-)**: - Hydrogen (H) gains an electron to become H^(-). This process is exothermic, as hydrogen can easily accept an electron and releases energy in the process. ### Step 3: Conclusion Among the options analyzed, the only process that requires the absorption of energy is the conversion of oxygen from O to O^(2-). Thus, the correct answer is: **Answer: (3) O to O^(2-)**
To solve the question regarding which process requires the absorption of energy, we will analyze each option step by step. ### Step 1: Understanding Electron Gain Enthalpy Electron gain enthalpy is the amount of energy released or absorbed when an electron is added to a neutral atom to form a negative ion. If energy is absorbed, the process is endothermic; if energy is released, the process is exothermic. ### Step 2: Analyzing Each Option 1. **F to F^(-)**: ...
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