The major binding force of diamond, silicon and quartz is

Options

A. Electrostatic force
B. Dipole Interaction
C. Covalent bond
D. Hydrogen bonds

Answer

To determine the major binding force of diamond, silicon, and quartz, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the structure of diamond
- Diamond is a form of carbon where each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms in a three-dimensional tetrahedral structure. This bonding is due to sp³ hybridization.

### Step 2: Analyze the structure of silicon
- Silicon, similar to carbon, forms a tetrahedral structure where each silicon atom is covalently bonded to four other silicon atoms. This results in a strong network solid.

### Step 3: Examine the structure of quartz
- Quartz is primarily composed of silicon dioxide (SiO₂). In quartz, each silicon atom is covalently bonded to four oxygen atoms, and each oxygen atom is bonded to two silicon atoms, forming a continuous three-dimensional network.

### Step 4: Identify the common bonding force
- In all three materials (diamond, silicon, and quartz), the predominant type of bonding is covalent bonding. This type of bond is characterized by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, leading to strong and stable structures.

### Conclusion
- Therefore, the major binding force of diamond, silicon, and quartz is the covalent bond.

### Final Answer
The major binding force of diamond, silicon, and quartz is **covalent bond**.

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