Aniline is usually purified by

Options

A. Steam distillation
B. Simple distillatioin
C. Vacuum distillation
D. Extraction with a solven

Answer

To answer the question "Aniline is usually purified by," we need to identify the common methods used for the purification of aniline. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Understanding Aniline
Aniline is an aromatic amine with the chemical formula C6H5NH2. It is derived from benzene by replacing one hydrogen atom with an amino group (-NH2).

### Step 2: Recognizing Impurities
Aniline may contain various impurities, including unreacted starting materials, by-products, or other organic compounds. Therefore, purification is necessary to obtain pure aniline.

### Step 3: Common Purification Methods
There are several methods to purify aniline, but the most common methods include:

1. **Distillation**: Aniline can be purified by distillation due to its relatively low boiling point compared to many impurities. This method separates components based on their boiling points.

2. **Recrystallization**: If aniline is in solid form (like aniline hydrochloride), recrystallization can be used to purify it by dissolving it in a suitable solvent and allowing it to crystallize out.

3. **Extraction**: Liquid-liquid extraction can also be used to separate aniline from water-soluble impurities.

### Step 4: Conclusion
Among these methods, the most common and straightforward method for purifying aniline is **distillation**.

### Final Answer
Aniline is usually purified by **distillation**.

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