Name and explain the surgical method advised to human males and females as a means of birth control. Mention its one advantage and one disadvantage.

Explanation

The surgical or sterilisation methods advised to human males and females as effective means of birth control are:
(i) Vasectomy (In males) A sterilisation method in which a small portion of vas deferens is removed or tied up through a cut or incision on scrotum, thus blocking the transport of sperms.
(ii) Tubectomy (In females) It is a sterilisation technique for females where a small part of Fallopian tube is removed or tied up through incision in abdomen or through vagina. The advantage of these two sterilisation methods is that it is a very effective method for preventing pregnancy as it blocks the transport of gametes. The disadvantage of this technique is that this surgical procedure cannot be reversed, so it is helpful for only .those who already have children and do not want to extend their family further.