Explain monohybrid cross taking seed coat colour as a trait in Pisum sativum. Workout the cross upto `F_(2)` - generation

Explanation

In pea, i.e. Pisum sativum, in the trait of seed coat colour, the yellow seeds are dominant over green seeds.
A monohybrid cross between a true breeding yellow seeded plant and a true breeding green-seeded plant, is as follows:

The `F_2` phenotypic ratio obtained is 3 (yellow-seeded) : 1 (green-seeded) The `F_2` genotypic ratio obtained is ` (YY) : 2 (Yy) : 1 (yy)
Mendel.s laws derived from the above cross are
(i) Law of dominance When individuals differing in a pair of contrasting characters are crossed, the character that appears in the `F_1` hybrids, is dominant (yellow seed coat colour) over the alternate form of the trait that remains hidden (green seed coat colour) or recessive.
(ii) Law of segregation The two factors of a given character or trait remain together without mixing and keeping their identities distinct. They segregate during gametogenesis and enter randomly in different gametes.