Answers any two questions (restrict each answer within 200 words):
Write notes on any two of the following:
(a) Founder effect

Explanation

The founder.s effect occurs when a new colony or community is formed by a few members who were separated physically from their original populated. In such a population, there is reduced genetic variation and less allele frequency is observed.
The new population gradually develops and appears distinctly different from their original group in the absence of interbreeding.
The drifted population becomes the founder and the phenomenon is called as founder effect. In extreme cases, founder effect may also lead to speciation and evolution of new species.