Which of the following special venous system is present in frog?

Options

A. Hepatic portal system
B. Renal portal system
C. Both a and b
D. Neither hepatic nor renal portal system is present

Answer

To determine which special venous systems are present in frogs, we need to analyze the options provided:

1. **Hepatic Portal System**:
- This system is responsible for transporting blood from the digestive tract and spleen to the liver.
- In frogs, as in other amphibians, the hepatic portal system is indeed present. It plays a crucial role in nutrient processing and detoxification.

2. **Renal Portal System**:
- This system carries blood from the renal glomeruli to the peritubular capillaries.
- The renal portal system is also found in frogs, allowing for efficient filtration and reabsorption of substances in the kidneys.

3. **Both**:
- Since both the hepatic portal system and the renal portal system are present in frogs, this option is valid.

4. **Neither**:
- This option is incorrect as we have established that both systems are present.

### Conclusion:
The correct answer is **C: Both A and B**. Both the hepatic portal system and the renal portal system are present in frogs.

### Step-by-Step Solution:
1. Identify the special venous systems mentioned in the question: hepatic portal system and renal portal system.
2. Explain the function of the hepatic portal system and confirm its presence in frogs.
3. Explain the function of the renal portal system and confirm its presence in frogs.
4. Conclude that since both systems are present, the answer is "both A and B".