To determine which of the given options are secondary metabolites, we need to understand the distinction between primary and secondary metabolites.
### Step-by-Step Solution:
1. **Define Primary and Secondary Metabolites**:
- **Primary Metabolites**: These are compounds that are directly involved in the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms. Examples include carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.
- **Secondary Metabolites**: These are compounds that are not directly involved in growth and development but serve other functions such as defense against herbivores, attraction of pollinators, and protection against pathogens. Examples include alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, and phenolics.
2. **Analyze the Options**:
- **Option 1: Flavonoids and Rubber**:
- Flavonoids are known to be secondary metabolites, as they play roles in pigmentation and UV filtration, but are not essential for plant growth.
- Rubber is also a secondary metabolite produced by certain plants for protection.
- **Option 2: Antibiotics and Colored Pigments**:
- Antibiotics produced by plants (like certain alkaloids) are secondary metabolites that help in defense against pathogens.
- Colored pigments, such as curcumin, are also secondary metabolites as they are involved in attracting pollinators and do not contribute to growth.
- **Option 3: Sands, Gums, and Spices**:
- These substances are typically secondary metabolites. Gums and resins help in plant defense and are not involved in growth.
3. **Conclusion**:
- Since all the options provided (Flavonoids and Rubber, Antibiotics and Colored Pigments, Sands, Gums, and Spices) are secondary metabolites, the correct answer is that all of them are secondary metabolites.
### Final Answer:
**All of the above options are secondary metabolites.**
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