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The last thing all water and solute mole...

The last thing all water and solute molecules must pass through before they can enter the vascular system and move upward to leaves is -

A

Endodermis

B

Stomata

C

Epidermis

D

Root hair

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To solve the question regarding the last barrier that water and solute molecules must pass through before entering the vascular system of a plant, we can break down the process step by step: ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding the Context**: Water and minerals are absorbed from the soil by plant roots. They travel through various layers of root tissues before entering the vascular system. 2. **Absorption of Water and Minerals**: The process begins with the absorption of water and minerals from the soil through root hairs. Root hairs increase the surface area for absorption. 3. **Movement Through Root Layers**: - After being absorbed by root hairs, the water and minerals move into the **epidermis**, which is the outermost layer of the root. - From the epidermis, they then travel through the **cortex**, which is the layer beneath the epidermis. 4. **Reaching the Endodermis**: - The next layer they encounter is the **endodermis**. This layer is crucial because it contains the **Casparian strip**, a band of cell wall material that is hydrophobic (water-repelling). - The Casparian strip forces water and solutes to pass through the cell membranes of the endodermal cells, ensuring that only certain substances can enter the vascular system. 5. **Final Passage to the Vascular System**: - Once the water and solutes have crossed the endodermis, they enter the **pericycle** and then move into the **xylem**, which is the vascular tissue responsible for transporting water and minerals upward to the leaves. 6. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the last layer that water and solute molecules must pass through before entering the vascular system (xylem) is the **endodermis**. ### Final Answer: The last thing all water and solute molecules must pass through before they can enter the vascular system and move upward to leaves is the **endodermis**. ---
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