The chemical substances involved in respiration enters the mitochondrion from cytoplasm are

Options

A. `C_(3)H_(4)O_(3), O_(2)`, reduced NAD, ADP & Phosphate
B. `C_(6)H_(12)O_(6), O_(2)`, reduced NAD, ADP & Phosphate
C. `CO_(2)`, NAD, ATP & water
D. Acetyl CoA, `NADH_(2)`, ADP & Phosphate

Answer

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Process of Respiration:**
- Respiration in plants occurs in two main phases: glycolysis in the cytoplasm and the Krebs cycle along with the electron transport chain (ETC) in the mitochondria.

2. **Glycolysis:**
- Glycolysis is the first phase of respiration where glucose is broken down. The term "glyco" refers to glucose, and "lysis" means breakdown. This process results in the formation of pyruvate, which is a 3-carbon compound with the molecular formula C3H4O3.

3. **Substances Entering the Mitochondria:**
- After glycolysis, the pyruvate produced needs to enter the mitochondria for further processing. Therefore, pyruvate is one of the key substances that move from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria.

4. **Other Chemical Substances:**
- In addition to pyruvate, several other substances are involved in the respiration process within the mitochondria:
- **Oxygen (O2):** Essential for aerobic respiration, it is obtained from the air.
- **Reduced NAD (NADH):** This is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which acts as a reducing agent and is crucial for the Krebs cycle.
- **ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate):** This molecule is necessary for the synthesis of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), the energy currency of the cell.
- **Inorganic Phosphate (PO4^3-):** This is required to convert ADP into ATP.

5. **Summary of Substances:**
- The main chemical substances that enter the mitochondria from the cytoplasm during respiration include:
- Pyruvate (C3H4O3)
- Oxygen (O2)
- Reduced NAD (NADH)
- ADP
- Inorganic Phosphate (PO4^3-)