Ferns, conifers and gnetales evolved from

Options

A. Progymnosperm
B. Psilophyton
C. Seed ferms
D. None of these

Answer

To answer the question regarding the evolutionary origins of ferns, conifers, and gnetales, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Groups**:
- First, we need to identify the three groups mentioned: ferns, conifers, and gnetales.
- Ferns are part of the Pteridophytes, while conifers and gnetales belong to the group of gymnosperms.

2. **Evolutionary Background**:
- The evolution of these groups is linked to the broader evolutionary history of plants.
- The transition from non-vascular plants (like mosses) to vascular plants (like ferns and gymnosperms) marks a significant evolutionary step.

3. **C.L.O.P. Concept**:
- The acronym C.L.O.P. refers to the "Chemical Evolution of Life from Organic Precursors."
- This concept suggests that life began from simple organic molecules that eventually led to more complex forms, including plants.

4. **Common Ancestors**:
- Ferns, conifers, and gnetales share a common ancestor that existed during the time of the early vascular plants.
- This common ancestor is believed to be a type of primitive vascular plant that gave rise to both ferns and the gymnosperms (which include conifers and gnetales).

5. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, ferns, conifers, and gnetales evolved from a common ancestor that existed during the early stages of plant evolution, specifically from early vascular plants.

### Final Answer:
Ferns, conifers, and gnetales evolved from early vascular plants, which are considered to be their common ancestors.

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