Grafted kidney may be rejected in a patient due to

Options

A. Cell mediated immune response
B. Innate immune response
C. Humoral immune response
D. None of these

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Graft Rejection**: The first step in answering the question is to understand what graft rejection means. Graft rejection occurs when the immune system of the recipient recognizes the transplanted organ (in this case, a kidney) as foreign and mounts an immune response against it.

2. **Role of the Immune System**: The immune system is designed to protect the body from foreign invaders such as pathogens. It does this by recognizing antigens, which are molecules found on the surface of cells. When a graft is introduced into the body, the immune system may identify the antigens on the grafted kidney as non-self.

3. **Types of Graft Rejection**: There are generally three types of graft rejection:
- **Hyperacute Rejection**: Occurs immediately after transplantation due to pre-existing antibodies against the graft.
- **Acute Rejection**: Occurs days to weeks after transplantation as the immune system mounts a response against the graft.
- **Chronic Rejection**: Develops over months to years, leading to gradual loss of function of the graft.

4. **Importance of Matching Donor and Recipient**: To minimize the risk of rejection, it is crucial to match the donor and recipient as closely as possible. This includes matching blood types and human leukocyte antigens (HLAs).

5. **Immunosuppressive Therapy**: To prevent rejection, patients receiving a graft are usually placed on immunosuppressive medications. These drugs help to suppress the immune response, reducing the likelihood of the body rejecting the graft.

6. **Conclusion**: In summary, a grafted kidney may be rejected in a patient due to the immune system recognizing the transplanted kidney as foreign, leading to an immune response against it. This can occur due to various factors, including the type of rejection and the compatibility between the donor and recipient.

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