The advantage, the fungi derive from mycorrhizal association with plants -

Options

A. Shelter + Nutrients
B. Water from soil
C. Minerals from soil
D. Tolerance to salinity

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Mycorrhizal Association**: Mycorrhizal association refers to the symbiotic relationship between fungi and plant roots. In this relationship, fungi colonize the root system of a host plant.

2. **Benefits to Fungi**: The primary advantage that fungi derive from this association is access to carbohydrates and nutrients. As plants photosynthesize, they produce sugars, which are then shared with the fungi.

3. **Nutrient Absorption**: Mycorrhizal fungi enhance the plant's ability to absorb water and essential minerals from the soil, particularly phosphorus, nitrogen, and zinc. This is beneficial for both the fungi and the plants.

4. **Soil Fertility**: The presence of mycorrhizal fungi increases soil fertility. They help in breaking down organic matter, which enriches the soil and improves its structure.

5. **Protection Against Pathogens**: Mycorrhizal fungi provide a protective barrier for plant roots against soil-borne pathogens. They can outcompete harmful microorganisms, thus enhancing plant health.

6. **Improved Plant Growth**: By facilitating better nutrient uptake and providing protection, mycorrhizal fungi contribute to improved plant growth and development.

7. **Conclusion**: In summary, the advantages that fungi derive from mycorrhizal associations with plants include access to nutrients and carbohydrates, enhanced soil fertility, protection from pathogens, and support for plant growth.

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