The area of application of PCR include
A. productionn of monoclonal antibodies
B. insertion of recombinant DNA into organism
C. diagnosis of specific mutation
D. Detection of plant pathogens

Options

A. A,B
B. B,C
C. C,D
D. A,B,C,D

Answer

To determine the areas of application of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), we need to analyze each option provided in the question:

**Step 1: Analyze Option A - Production of Monoclonal Antibodies**
- Monoclonal antibodies are produced using hybridoma technology, which involves the fusion of a specific type of immune cell with a tumor cell. PCR is not directly involved in this process.
- **Conclusion**: PCR is not used in the production of monoclonal antibodies.

**Step 2: Analyze Option B - Insertion of Recombinant DNA into Organisms**
- The insertion of recombinant DNA into organisms typically involves the use of vectors (like plasmids) and transformation methods. PCR is not directly used for the insertion process itself.
- **Conclusion**: PCR is not primarily used for the insertion of recombinant DNA into organisms.

**Step 3: Analyze Option C - Diagnosis of Specific Mutations**
- PCR is widely used in molecular diagnostics to amplify specific DNA sequences. By amplifying a gene, it is possible to identify mutations by comparing the amplified product with the original gene.
- **Conclusion**: PCR is indeed used for the diagnosis of specific mutations.

**Step 4: Analyze Option D - Detection of Plant Pathogens**
- PCR can be applied to detect plant pathogens by amplifying specific DNA sequences from plant extracts. This allows for the identification of pathogens present in the sample.
- **Conclusion**: PCR is used for the detection of plant pathogens.

**Final Conclusion:**
Based on the analysis:
- Option C (Diagnosis of specific mutations) and Option D (Detection of plant pathogens) are valid applications of PCR.
- Options A and B are not applications of PCR.

Thus, the correct answers are **C and D**.

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