After the formation of the product in the bioreactors, it undergoes through separation and purification processes before a finished product is ready for marketing. These processes are collectively referred to as

Options

A. upstream processing
B. downstream processing
C. elution
D. transformation

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Context**: After the formation of a product in bioreactors, it is essential to prepare the product for marketing. This involves a series of processes that ensure the product is clean and suitable for consumption or use.

2. **Identifying the Processes**: The processes that occur after product formation include separation and purification. These steps are crucial to remove any unwanted materials or impurities from the product.

3. **Defining the Term**: The collective term used to describe the processes of separation and purification in biotechnology is known as "downstream processing."

4. **Describing Downstream Processing**: In downstream processing, the product is first filtered to remove larger particles. Following this, purification steps are taken to ensure the product is of high quality and free from contaminants.

5. **Finalizing the Answer**: Therefore, the processes that occur after product formation in bioreactors, which include separation and purification, are collectively referred to as "downstream processing."

**Final Answer**: Downstream processing.

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